2nd North American Rotary Emergency Disaster Initiative Workshop - December 14-15, 2007 - Nashville, Tennessee

http://www.naredi.org/

Agenda

SETTING: The first conference and workshop held in New Orleans, January 11-13, 2007 and addressed the questions: should Rotary be involved in disaster relief and recovery and if so to what extent. The first question was a resounding yes, which set the stage for a more in depth addressing of the second question. PURPOSE: At the conclusion of this workshop a participant will: know the rudiments of the emergency management system; know how to assess and determine in what areas of disaster operations a club should engage; know how to organize their club to participate in disaster relief in their chosen areas of operation. PRODUCT: At the conclusion of the workshop the participants will have the precursor to their club’s disaster operations manual (DOM).

Importance of community involvement on the road to school seismic safety

[...] “The question is why, again and again, even in industrialized nations with a
wealth of engineering expertise – schools collapse in earthquakes . . . Every that is
EVERY school should be inspected and where necessary reinforced. This is so
basic to risk mitigation in a seismically active area, it seems foolish to have to
write it down.” [...]

Italy, Molise 2002 earthquake. 26 kids die in school collapse. SENTENCE: SIX ACQUITTED

http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2768256.ece

Seismic safety of hospitals in California

http://www.rand.org/news/press.07/01.18.html

Build back better. The experience of the Irpinia 1980 earthquake in Potenza, Italy

March 2003 - ENEA Casaccia, Roma. Prof. Franco Braga recalls how the italian adventure of innovative earthquake protection started in Potenza, where he created a school of Earthquake Engineering at the University of Basilicata. From 1990 to 2000 he took the leadership in a project with the local government to train engineers on seismic retrofit of schools using energy dissipating braces, he designed and directed the construction of the base isolated buildings of the Unv. of Basilicata, and of the Rapolla building, subjected to an exciting campaign of "real" simulated earthquakes.

Italy, Basilicata region.

Basilicata, Italy. City of Potenza.

November 23 1980. Irpinia Earthquake.

Potenza, Piazza XIIX Agosto

Potenza, Bucaletto district, emergency housing for 700 displaced families.

Potenza, UniBas, University of Basilicata, founded in 1982, two years after the earthquake.

UniBas Campus, completed in 1996. Five base isolated buildings host the faculties of Agricolture and Science.

UniBas, Seismic Structural testing lab, completed 1997. Reaction wall for pseudodynamic tests and hydraulic systems functional in 2000 (courtesy M. Laterza).

UniBas, material and component testing lab. Static load test on rubber isolator device for the Rapolla building.

Rapolla, Potenza. Base isolated residential building for low income dwellings (design 1995, completed 2000). Subjected to full scale dynamic seismic tests (courtesy F. Braga, august 2000).


Rapolla, Potenza. Rubber base isolator (HDRB) placed between the structure and the foundation.


Rapolla, Potenza. Completed base isolated building and twin conventional (fixed base) building.

Potenza, Domiziano Viola school (my elementary school), retrofit with energy dissipating braces, completed 2002. The coloured braces act like "energy vampires" soaking up the earthquake energy that would otherwise damage the structure (courtesy F. Braga).
Potenza, Domiziano Viola school (my elementary school), retrofit with energy dissipating braces, (completed 2002, courtesy F. Braga).

Potenza, School retrofitted with energy dissipating braces, completed 2006 (courtesy F. Braga).

Potenza, "G. Leopardi" School retrofitted with energy dissipating braces, completed 2006, (courtesy F. Braga).

Potenza, School retrofitted with energy dissipating braces, completed 2006.

Brian Tucker. GEOHAZARDS INTERNATIONAL www.geohaz.org

"[...] The more I saw California successfully dealing with its [seismic] risk, the more I thought of the far greater risk abroad and the far fewer resources available there to address it. Over several years, the idea gradually grew in me to create a non-profit organization that would apply the science, engineering and public policy that had helped the U.S., Japan and Europe manage their earthquake risks to the world’s most vulnerable countries."

http://www.geohaz.org/contents/publications/Opinion.pdf

http://www.geohaz.org/contents/publications/BET_DC_speech_for_website6.pdf

“[…] Why should the citizens of industrialized countries, distant from most earthquake threatened developing countries, care that there is a growing gap between the seismic risk of developing and industrialized countries and that not nough is being done?

[…] We should also care out of self-interest. We in industrialized countries understand that the growing gaps between rich and poor in our own countries led to social tensions. We can therefore realize that the widening of the gap between the industrialized and developing worlds is threatening. We will be more secure if all countries can develop without being periodically set back by natural disasters. It is in our economic self-interest, particularly, that developing countries become earthquake-resistant because they are increasingly important economic partners of the U.S., Japan, and the E.U. Often the infrastructure, residences, and factories of developing economies represent investments made by the industrialized world. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) also considers that helping developing countries manage their earthquake risk is in its self-interest. For example, NATO is organizing a workshop to address the problem of seismic risk of public buildings in the Maghreb Region (Tunisia, Morocco, and Algeria) because (1) NATO is in the business of stability, (2) mass migrations are destabilizing, and (3) natural disasters (such as earthquakes) cause mass migrations. NATO’s previous “Science for Peace” program is now known as the “Security through Science” program. […].”

Brian E. Tucker

GeoHazards International

http://www.geohaz.org

200 Town and Country Village

Palo Alto, CA 94301

tucker@geohaz.org

SEISMIC ISOLATION TO MITIGATE EARTHQUAKE IMPACT

EARTHQUAKE DESTRUCTION IN POOR COUNTRIES

"The recent earthquakes have again emphasized the fact that the major loss of life in earthquakes happens when the event occurs in developing countries. Even in relatively moderate earthquakes in areas with poor housing, many people are killed by the collapse of brittle, heavy, unreinforced masonry or poorly constructed concrete buildings. Modern structural control technologies such as active control or energy dissipation devices can do little to alleviate this, but it is possible that seismic isolation could be adapted to improve the seismic resistance of poor housing and other buildings such as schools and hospitals in developing countries". (J.M.Kelly).

RELIEF OR PREVENTION ?

“More effective prevention strategies would save not only tens of billions of dollars, but save tens of thousands of lives. Funds currently spent on intervention and relief could be devoted to enhancing equitable and sustainable development instead, which would further reduce the risk for war and disaster. Building a culture of prevention is not easy. While the costs of prevention have to be paid in the present, its benefits lie in a distant future. Moreover, the benefits are not tangible; they are the disasters that did NOT happen.” (Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General: “Introduction to Secretary-General’s Annual Report on the Work of the Organization of United Nations, 1999").

SEISMIC ISOLATION

Seismic isolation is a construction method for protecting buildings, in which the building and ground are separated by an isolation system to limit the transmission of vibrations through the building. It reduces the earthquake force and changes it to a slow vibration, so not only the building, but also everything inside is protected.

Seismic isolation provides numerous benefits:

Safety improvement: Damage to not only the building itself but also interior facilities are restricted and gas or water leaks are prevented, as are secondary accidents due to falling furniture and human lives are protected.

Maintenance of function: The function of buildings can be ensured even after a major earthquake and life can continue as normal.

Protection of property: The difficulties of repair, reinforcement, demolition and rebuilding were experienced after the Great Hanshin Earthquake in Japan. Seismic isolation reduces concern.

Improvement of relief: Fear of earthquake can be alleviated and psychological burden is reduced.Evacuation route is secured after an earthquake.

Economic effect of seismic isolation: Considering safety improvements for disaster during an earthquake and reduction of repair costs after an earthquake, seismic isolation can reduce life cycle cost.

Increased flexibility: Earthquake input to building can be considerably reduced while design flexibility is increased. Precast construction method simplifies the whole structure including junctions and reduces weight of members.

Coronado Bay Bridge - Base Isolated (approaches)

San Francisco City Hall - Base Isolated

Seismic Isolation in Japan

Seismic Isolation in the US

THE BASE ISOLATED LOW-INCOME RESIDENTIAL BUILDING OF RAPOLLA, POTENZA, ITALY

An experimental project of seismic tests on a real building constructed at Rapolla, Potenza (PPT presentation), in Southern Italy demonstrated the effectiveness of base isolation in protecting low-income dwellings. For the application in developing countries the use of rubber devices together with the cheap sliding isolators (Hybrid Isolation) can bring two major advantages. It allows preventing any damage in the structure and control the vibrations even during a strong earthquake, and at the same time could make this technology particularly suitable for an economically sustainable use.

This video shows the construction progress, the placement of the isolators between the foundation and the base of the building, and the sequence of the seismic tests perfomed. (Courtesy F. Braga, M. Laterza).

During a strong earthquake the structure can move independently from the foundations, and undergo no damage. (Courtesy F. Braga, M. Laterza).

Due to the high flexibility of rubber isolators the structure is able to accomodate large movements while still carrying the vertical loads. In this way the impact of the earthquake is reduced through slow high amplitude controlled vibrations. (Courtesy F. Braga, M. Laterza).

The sliding isolator allows a better control of the movement, while still carrying the vertical load. The simple manifacturing process (a steel plate sliding against a PTFE pad) makes it particularly convenient for applications in developing countries. (Courtesy F. Braga, M. Laterza).

Jack-machine used to push the structure. (Courtesy F. Braga, M. Laterza).

COMPUTER SIMULATION. The seismic vibrations are simulated making a "virtual" test. Modern software tools allow engineers to create the action of earthquakes on a computer model of the structure. The dynamic behavior of the real building can be reproduced with good accuracy. These tools are extremely useful in the design of a new building or for the analysis and retrofit of a deficient existing one. Seismic building codes provide the engineering practice with guidelines and assistance in the design and in the use of analysis tools and software.

Study of Nonlinear Response of Base-Isolated Building through Large-Scale Free-Vibration Tests and Nonlinear Analyses

ABSTRACT

Base isolation is a technique adopted with success for the seismic protection of structures worldwide. Since the commonly employed isolation devices often exhibit a nonlinear behavior, laboratory tests are always needed to support both the design and the research. Various researchers have carried out extensive experimental studies on single devices or simplified reduced-scale structural models. Nevertheless, only experimental investigations with large scale structures can provide complete information on the real dynamic interaction between the isolators and the structural or non-structural system components. A base-isolated residential building located in Rapolla, South Italy, was subjected to free vibration tests with initial displacement amplitudes up to the design displacement of 18 cm. The tests have provided information on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the whole building system under the design earthquake. A switchable HDRB-Slider isolation device was used to allow testing two different isolation systems having different nonlinearity. The experimental results have shown a modal energy exchange effect due to the nonlinear coupling of the modal responses in presence of frictional devices. The experimental response was reproduced by time history analyses using a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model. The numerical analyses have pointed out the need for good model parameters for isolation devices based on dynamic tests, and the importance of accurate nonlinear time history analyses for capturing the higher-mode response of the superstructure. Further analyses under seismic action have shown that simplified procedures in some codes which neglect the nonlinear modal coupling could considerably underestimate the story shears in a building isolated with frictional or hysteretic devices.

DOWNLOAD

UCSD, University of California San Diego website

Distinguished Seminar Series

Abstract- bio (PDF)

Full presentation (PDF), Distinguished Seminar series, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego

Michelangelo Laterza's homepage @ UNIBAS, University of Basilicata

REFERENCES

F. Braga, M. Laterza, Field testing of low-rise base isolated building, Engineering Structures, Vol./Iss. 26/11 (2004) pp. 1599-1610.

F. Braga, M. Faggella, R. Gigliotti, M. Laterza, 2005. “Nonlinear dynamic response of HDRB or Hybrid HDRB-Friction Sliders base isolation systems” – Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol 3 n. 3, Springer editor.

F. Braga, M. Faggella, R. Gigliotti, M. Laterza, 2005. “Effetti delle non-linearità costitutive dei sistemi di isolamento sismico e metodi semplificati per la valutazione della risposta” – Ingegneria Sismica, Year 2005 Vol.2, Patron editor.

F. Braga, M. Faggella, R. Gigliotti, M. Laterza, 2007. “La modellazione delle strutture isolate in presenza di sistemi di isolamento nonlineare e l’analisi dinamica nonlineare semplificata secondo l’OPC 3274/3431 (punto 10.7.6).” Italian National Congress A.N.I.D.I.S. "L'ingegneria Sismica in Italia", Pisa 2007.

UCSD - QUAKE OUTREACH 4 KIDS WITH A SHAKE TABLE

The Rotary Club of Torrey Pines-La Jolla partnered with other sponsors in a huge Educational project for elementary school kids put together by the SCSE chapter @ UCSD (Society of Civil & Structural Engineers). More pictures can be found HERE.

The full story is featured on the UCSD website.

" [...] Sixth-grade students from Carmel Del Mar Elementary School shrieked with unabashed amazement about 2 p.m. Tuesday at a UC San Diego earthquake-safety research complex eight miles east of campus. All but one of the seven-story buildings constructed by 20 teams of students in their classrooms toppled during Tuesday’s quake test, with K’NEX rods, connectors, and building parts scattered across the surface of UCSD’s largest shake table. The noisy learning experience was part of a unique earthquake-safety competition organized by Philip Yu, a graduate student in the Jacobs School of Engineering’s structural engineering department, and involved more than 1,100 fifth- and sixth-grade students from schools in Escondido and Del Mar. UCSD faculty also helped, as did scientists with the National Science Foundation, the federal agency that funded the construction of the shake facility at the Englekirk Structural Engineering Center.

Participating students were required to present carefully documented project descriptions at each day’s competition. Their buildings, about the size of bird cages, were judged on the basis of cost, with each plastic part carrying a price tag, with the maximum possible cost of a building set at $1.5 million. Aesthetics and how well the plastic creations withstood powerful jolts were also part of each team’s overall score.

The happy sixth-graders’ structure was a combination of engineering and art. They placed diagonal braces at strategic locations in the building and topped the structure with a serpentine arrangement of K’NEX connectors. The aesthetic flourish added additional cost to the building, but the students thought it was well worth it in another way. “In ancient China, dragons gave you good luck,” said a smiling Phan after the Tuesday shake. All of the students involved in last week’s competition were born after the 1994 Northridge earthquake, whose ground motions were duplicated during the school competition. Northridge resulted in about 60 deaths, more than 7,000 injured, 20,000 homeless, and more than 40,000 buildings damaged in Los Angeles, Ventura, Orange, and San Bernardino Counties. The death toll and roughly $40 billion in property damage prompted the call for more scientific testing of buildings and other structures.

After the tests, many of the students talked about the human toll as if their plastic models had been real buildings. That’s just the kind of relevance that the participating schools had hoped to achieve.
“Hopefully, these will be future engineers and, obviously, future home buyers, or builders themselves,” said Dugger, the science teacher. “Now they understand what goes into providing an opportunity to design a plan that would be selected to be purchased and built."

ROTARY RESEARCH FELLOW

Gargano, Italy. Ambass. Scholars, outbound GSE, inbound GSE from Brazil

Sponsor RC: Rotary Club Potenza, District 2120, Italy

Host RC: Rotary Club Torrey Pines (La Jolla), District 5340, USA
Study Institution: UCSD, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA

RC Potenza, with home counsellor and the club presidents.

Rotary Club Potenza, meeting and speech.


ROTARY FOUNDATION REPORT - Ambassdorial Scholar

I am living in San Diego doing graduate research at UCSD as a visiting scholar from the University "G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, where I am enrolled in a Ph.D. program in the field of Seismic Engineering and Innovative Technologies for Seismic Protection of Structures. UCSD is one of the world’s most famous schools of structural engineering, and has state-of-the-art research facilities for seismic testing of constructions, and the only outdoor shake table in the world. I am working under the supervision of two faculty advisors. My focus is on the use of advanced computer methods to evaluate the seismic capacity of an existing building using data from experimental observations. According to my ”ambassadorial” role, I selected an Italian building damaged during an earthquake, and brought it to California, to study it with software and tools developed here, so that I could compare the approaches of the Italian and of the American school.

UCSD campus and library.

The Department gave me the privilege of opening the academic year "Distinguished Seminars Series" with my invited lecture "Study of Nonlinear Response of Base-Isolated Building through Large-Scale Free-Vibration Tests and Nonlinear Analyses",.

Click HERE to download the INVITE on the department’s website.

They department also published my ABSTRACT (download PDF) and bio and the entire PRESENTATION (download PDF). Click HERE to watch video

I had the honor of being scheduled in a series of distinguished lecturers among which worldwide famous Professors or industry leaders (UCSD Structural Engineering newslwtter, PDF). I gave my presentation to an audience of graduate students and faculty. Also some of the District Foundation Scholar Chairs and other Rotarians that I invited attended the seminar. Since when I applied for my scholarship I decided that bridging the research on seismic prevention and the Rotary service would be the objective of my ambassadorial year. And the seminar confirmed my idea! All the Rotarians were extremely interested in seeing how a base-isolated building can resist an earthquake without minimum damage and save human lives! Also the faculty members that attended the seminar expressed their congratulations for the presentation (seismic testing of a full-scale building in Italy), and I confess that I was extremely honored, since UCSD is a world research leader for full scale testing of structures. Also I think this agrees with the spirit of my ambassadorial role, since I am here to learn, but also to bring my knowledge and background and to bridge two cultures.

RI District 2120 conference, speech.

Before my departure my sponsor counsellor Gaetano Laguardia has been extremely helpful in preparing me for this experience. I attended several rotary meetings in my district, and I also attended the presentation of an Ambassadorial alumnus, who shared with me some of the aspects of his experience abroad. I gave speeches at club meetings and also during the District Conference. I shared the preparation for my Rotary Foundation program with two GSE teams, an Inbound from Brazil and an Outbound to Brazil. Gaetano was also the current district GSE chair and he really got me involved in the true Rotarian and ambassadorial spirit! My name and that of my assigned institution also figured on a newspaper article.

UNICO, Amici Bal, LIttle Italy mayor, host counsellor Matteo Risi.

Torrey Pines Rotary Club, District Governor Philippe Lamoise, counsellor Matteo Risi.

Since my arrival I have been deeply involved in the Rotary activities of my district. My host counsellor Matteo Risi (of Italian descent!) invited me to the weekly meetings and also to some of the Club dinners. He introduced me to all club members of the Torrey Pines (La Jolla) Rotary Club, an exquisitely intellectual and international environment, with club members originally from different Countries of the world. I felt immediately at ease, talking to different Rotarians in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese and also Italian! Both the club president and the District Governor, member of this club, are French. Matteo also got me involved in the activities of the San Diego Little Italy Community, as a Rotary Ambassadorial Scholar.SalkInstitute, Foundation Seminar, speech.

My name and pictures already figure in a few newsletters and also in the local press. I was scheduled as a speaker at the Rotary Foundation Seminar at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, where I met the other Ambassadorial Scholars from Brazil, Japan, Korea, Tanzania, Germany. I also had the chance to meet the president elect of Rotary International Wilf Wilkinson.

Salk Institute , Foundation seminar, RI President elect Wilf Wilkinson.

I have been very active within my host club too, promoting and organizing a special program of the club and bringing the whole club out for a guided laboratory visit of the UCSD Seismic testing facilities. Prof. Restrepo and Prof. Conte showed to the Rotarians the seismic reaction wall that researchers use to test the seismic capacity of full scale building models, and also the outdoor shake table used to simulate an earthquake of destroying intensity. Researchers and Rotarians wore the hard hat and walked together through the hydraulic systems that activate the artificial ground.

UCSD Englekirk Center. Prof. Restrepo shows the shake table to Torrey Pines RC rotarians.

UCSD Englekirk Center. Prof. Restrepo shows Torrey Pines RC rotarians the hydraulic system that activate the shake table.

They had the opportunity to share their ideas and competences on seismic protection and also to discuss about the importance of preventing earthquake disasters by making safer structures. I have the feeling that there will be some Rotary-University partnership in future research or educational projects, and I will be proud of being the scholar who got the idea started. But that is exactly what being an “ambassador” means, right?!

Torrey Pines RC dinner, Ambassadorial Scholar sings "Malafemmena"!

Cliffs of La Jolla, from Torrey Pines

California is an amazing state and the environment I am living in, the community of La Jolla, where the University of California San Diego is located, is extremely active and diverse. I am amazed every day by seeing how well organized life is here, and how high-technology, business and international community, share this wonderful natural scenery. I have visited the world famous research centers of La Jolla, the UCSD, the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the Salk institute, and I am meeting every day international researchers that populate these centers spread over the cliffs overlooking the ocean. La Jollans and San Diegans are extremely helpful people, and as an international Italian scholar I always receive a warm welcome. I am impressed by how strong is the reciprocal cultural interest that Italy and California have. And this makes my ambassadorial role even more meaningful, since my activity field is related to something that Italy and California share not only in their culture, but also in the history, in the research and in the daily life: the interest for earthquakes.

Tijuana, Mexico-US International Border.

Tijuana, avenida de la Revoluccion.

Another significant cultural aspect of the San Diego region, is its proximity to the Mexican border. This makes this place particularly diverse, since here the latino and north-american culture merge together. This gives me the great opportunity of sharing my culture and interests with another part of the world, using my Spanish, in which I guess I am getting pretty fluent, since many of the Mexican people that I met here and also in Tijuana asked me if I was from Spain because of my accent! My English is improving too, and I have been practicing my Portuguese and my French too, expecially thanks to the very multinational atmosphere of the Torrey Pines Rotary Club that is hosting me, and to the diverse study environment of UCSD. Also the influence of the asian culture is very strong here in California, and particularly at UCSD. I met many scientists and students from China, Korea and Japan, and I also made a wonderful friendship with all the other Ambassadorial scholars, with whom I meet periodically during the Rotary events and not only. I had many opportunities to share my research and work interest for earthquakes with Ayako and Hirocky, two rotary scholars from Japan, and I told them that hopefully this same interest that brought me in the amazing California, will very soon take me to Japan!

Ambassadorial Scholar mixer at Don Yeckel's place. We love you Don!

Ambassadorial Scholars team at Salk Institute with coach Don Yeckel!

During one of my presentations to Rotary Clubs in La Jolla I talked about Earthquake engineering and seismic isolation and on how an earthquake can be an engine of growth for a local community. I brought the example of Potenza, my home town and city where I attended college. The 1980 Irpinia earthquake made thousands of deads, and produced tremendous consequences on the local economy and social tissue. Now, more than 20 years after the disaster, this small town in south Italy hosts some world famous applications of the modern seismic engineering and a state-of-the-art research facility. This successful model of recover should be really exported to the world's developing countries in earthquake prone regions.

La Jolla, speech at Rotary Club

La Jolla, speech at Rotary Club with some Rotarians.